highereducationestates 23 OVER the past few years, the many splendid projects we have featured in these pages have given every indication of a proud and flourishing university sector. Its leaders have spent billions on buildings – many of which went on to win the highest architectural awards – that draw domestic students and their peers from across the world to study in Britain. Sports and cultural facilities benefitted from this wave of investment every bit as much as lecture theatres and laboratories. Off the back of this glorious age of building, government ministers and vice chancellors alike regularly pronounced our universities the envy of the world, underpinning the nation’s journey into the new technological age. Sadly, the picture is nowhere near as rosy as it seemed. Money to fund all this investment, and indeed the many billions more required for transitioning university estates to net zero, is drying up and many universities feel extremely exposed to a harsh new financial climate. A report commissioned by the Office for Students, the university regulator, has forecast that 40 per cent of England’s universities will run budget deficits this year and has warned of closures and mergers. Courses, departments and thousands of jobs are under threat across the academic spectrum. Many of the colleges facing a nearexistential crisis have spent heavily on new facilities over the past decade and more. In what had become a building arms race between universities, it seemed the only way to keep pace with competing peers and attract students. Now, with government tightening up on overseas students – by far the most lucrative demographic for admissions tutors – and domestic student fees lagging far behind the past few years’ inflation, pigeons are coming home to roost and a major rationalisation of the sector seems the only possible outcome. With government budgets under extreme pressure on every front, it’s unlikely much help will be forthcoming from Whitehall. Raising students fees slightly to help academia may be allowed but nowhere enough to compensate for the fall in overseas student income as entry visa requirements are tightened. Yet the government must remember – and re-commit to – the many statements made about how important universities are to the future prosperity of the country. As the Russell Group has regularly pointed out, universities are playing a leading role as the UK works to hit Net Zero targets responsibly. Government’s ability to deliver this vision will be shaped and determined by the strength of cities, towns and communities across the UK and by the partnerships between academia and business that can be harnessed to make the most of the opportunities and resources available. So yes, a Darwinian process is at work in the university sector, and establishments that have over-extended will be forced to merge or close, sadly with inevitable knock-on effects for staff, students and their local communities. But following the shake out, government must double its efforts to be strong and supportive partner to the university sector, looking to foster opportunities wherever it can to fuse brains and business for the good of the nation. Editor Andrew Pring Sales director Julian Walter Production Nicola Cann Design Sandra Cid Managing director Toby Filby The publishers do not necessarily agree with views expressed by contributors and cannot accept responsibility for claims made by manufacturers and authors, nor do they accept any responsibility for any errors in the subject matter of this publication. Publishers Stable Publishing Limited, SBC House, Restmor Way, Wallington, Surrey SM6 7AH, England. t. 020 8288 1080 f. 020 8288 1099 e. [email protected] leader and content Universities essential for rebuilding Britain Andrew Pring Editor [email protected] inside this issue J/Aug 2024 26The art of refurb BDP has refurbished two brutalist buildings at Coventry University to create a modern home for the College of Arts and Society. 28Sound of silence Acoustic specialists have excelled at new student accommodation for St Catharine’s College, Cambridge. 29Lights, action Leading-edge lighting brands have been specified by the University of Leeds Estates team. 31Green water Advanced water management technologies are revolutionising sustainability, hygiene and operational efficiency in educational settings. 26 31
EDINBURGH Futures Institute has opened its doors to the public in the transformed and revitalised Old Royal Infirmary building, following an extensive seven-year, multi-million-pound restoration. Built in 1879, the Old Royal Infirmary housed the city’s main hospital until 2003 and was once described by The Illustrated London News as “the best planned hospital” in Britain. Now home to the University of Edinburgh’s Edinburgh Futures Institute, the category-A listed building will bring together people finding innovative solutions to some of the world’s biggest problems. The 20,000 sqm redevelopment is now one of the largest institutes for interdisciplinary learning, research and innovation in Europe. The Institute brings together students, researchers, partners and civic society to focus on the responsible use of data to address global challenges including ethics of artificial intelligence, social inequality and climate change. The Futures Institute sits within the University’s College of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences. It is one of six innovation hubs supported by the Edinburgh and South East Scotland City Region Deal’s Data-Driven Innovation programme. The University worked with a project design team led by Atkins Realis, including architects Bennetts Associates and construction partner Balfour Beatty, to restore, extend, and upgrade the building. THE University of Manchester has signed a landmark new deal that will see up to 65% of its electricity demand supplied through a brand-new renewables project. In a major move towards achieving its 2038 zero carbon ambitions, the University has partnered with leading UK clean energy company Enviromena to buy electricity generated from its brand-new solar farm based in Medebridge, Essex. Once complete, Medebridge Solar Farm will comprise 104,000 solar panels across 175 acres of low-grade agricultural land, the equivalent of around 70 football pitches. The contract that secures this investment, known as a Corporate Power Purchase Agreement (cPPA), commits the University to purchase 80% of Medebridge’s total annual generation capacity (58 GWh) for the next decade, reducing University carbon emissions by 12,000 t/co2 every year - enough to power 21,000 homes. Lee Barlow, Finance & Administration Manager, and Project Lead at The University of Manchester, said: “After nearly three years of rigorous procurement and negotiations, we are proud to announce this landmark agreement, which reinforces our commitment to sustainability whilst delivering best value to our students and stakeholders, in the form of price certainty and supply stability.” Enviromena develops, builds, owns and operates renewable energy assets and currently manages over 300MW of renewables projects. In addition, Enviromena is currently working on a 3GW+ pipeline of renewable energy projects in the UK and Italy that will significantly decarbonise electricity networks, reduce emissions and support the global drive towards net zero. Chris Marsh, Enviromena’s Chief Executive Officer, added: “We’re delighted to partner with the University to support their zero carbon ambitions. In addition to reducing the University’s carbon emissions over the next 10 years, the site itself will benefit the local habitat over its useful life until mid-2060.” Construction of Medebridge commenced in April 2024, with energisation expected in autumn 2025. The University has set ambitious goals to reduce its environmental impact, in line with its core goal of social responsibility. In 2022 it ended investments in coal, oil and gas and reduced the carbon intensity of its investments by 37%. 104,000-panel solar farm set to power University of Manchester Edinburgh repurposes Old Royal Infirmary 24 highereducationestates news
THE University of Cambridge, working with BDP, is to restore the Grade II listed History Faculty Building by James Stirling, which is also the home of the Seeley Library. The landmark project, which opened in 1968, presents a once in a generation opportunity to provide a new range of enhanced learning and working environments at the heart of the University’s Sidgwick site while improving the building’s accessibility, safety and comfort and provide a new range of learning and working environments at the heart of the University’s Sidgwick site. The comprehensive refurbishment will safeguard the use and enjoyment of the building; repairing and upgrading building fabric and replacing services to improve thermal comfort, while introducing a range of carbon saving and climate resilient measures. Professor Tim Harper, Head of the School of the Humanities and Social Sciences, said: “The project is true to James Stirling's vision in that it looks to the future. It will enable all those who use the building to work together in new and exciting ways.” Jessica Mailey, Architect Director at BDP, added: “We recognise that the Stirling Building is a landmark in the history and development of architecture and needs to be treated as such.” Environmental sustainability is a major focus, with innovative technologies and materials being employed to enhance the building's performance. ‘Fabric-first’ and passive upgrades, in conjunction with renewable energy sources and efficient systems and controls, will reduce energy consumption. The project targets BREEAM Excellent certification and a zero-gas approach will be employed to help the university reach its own absolute zero targets. Incorporation of the WELL Standard ensures wellbeing of occupants is addressed from the outset and a prerefurbishment audit has been undertaken to identify potential reuse or recycle opportunities and minimise waste. Extending the building also forms part of the proposals, with two new pavilions proposed to provide additional library and reading spaces while supporting improved accessibility. Arup is delivering heritage, civil, structural, façade engineering and access services on the project to provide the technical and functional facilities befitting the building and has been engaged since the initial feasibility study in 2021. The Bedford-based contractor SDC is lead contractor for the project, which is planned to start next year. STUDENT accommodation provider Student Roost has completed on Belfast’s largest student accommodation building, Nelson Place. The 12-storey building is set to welcome students in September 2024 and was delivered by GRAHAM alongside architect Fletcher Joseph Associates, chartered surveyors Johnson Associates and civil engineering design consultancy Etive Consulting. Alongside 774 luxury en-suite and studio rooms now available to view inperson, Student Roost’s Nelson Place property is also home to Ulster University’s brand new, state-of-the-art sports centre and wellbeing facilities, including a spin studio, a gym with the latest TechnoGym machines, a dedicated cardio mezzanine, weights section, rooftop running track and even a 600 sqm four-court badminton hall, which can also be used for basketball and netball. The rooftop running track will be used to host wellbeing events such as sunrise yoga and lunchtime and after-class circuits led by Ulster University’s worldclass team of sporting experts. Anna Killough, Regional Operations Manager, Belfast at Student Roost commented: “We’re so pleased to have completed on Nelson Place, the largest student accommodation building in Belfast, which completes our student quarter in the city. Redefining what student living can be, Nelson Place is setting a new standard for the PBSA sector through its high-quality design, sports centre, 24/7 team members and a focus on resident wellbeing.” Belfast’s largest student accommodation building set to open Revamp for Stirling’s iconic Cambridge History Faculty highereducationestates 25 news
THE design, by BDP’s education architects in Manchester and Birmingham, adds a contemporary extension, which links the Maurice Foss and Graham Sutherland buildings to establish a new, creative heart of the campus. Now named the Delia Derbyshire building, it further connects the city of Coventry with the university by acting as a public hub and a display for creative activity. Coventry University will use the building to play a transformational role in the growth of the creative industries in the region and to positively influence the cultural development of the city, following on from its role as UK capital of culture in 2021. The design, which includes a landscaped central piazza, also supports the university’s predicted growth in student numbers and enables more active engagement with local communities and local enterprise. For the students, the open plan and flexible learning spaces stimulate new pedagogies and cross-disciplinary working in the fields of architecture, interior design, automotive design, games, film, photography, immersive and digital media. An array of active and collaborative settings, world class technology, studio and workshop areas, and high-tech, immersive media rooms are clustered around a pair of lecture theatres and smaller break out spaces. This gives new cohorts access to a multiple suite of spaces that directly connect academic disciplines with regional businesses, institutions, and the people of Coventry. Sue Emms, Principal, and Head of Education at BDP, explained: “The Delia Derbyshire building is an exciting mix of didactic, performance, and maker spaces arranged in such a that they can be used in multiple ways by a variety of students, staff and community groups. “With an increase in students, who also have raised expectations, it was important to create an open, accessible, and artistic shop window for all of the dynamic creativity at the university. It’s also a perfect example of adaptive reuse – transforming unwelcoming brutalist buildings into a sociable community hub for the arts.” The collaborative spaces are activated by large, stepped seating, a café space and a central zone that is open to the ‘Hyper Studio’, a platform for ambitious interdisciplinary challenge projects. The immersive technology studios which ‘float' above, provide sector-leading spaces for digital practice, allowing the opportunity for 360 motion-capture, real-time immersive design and full immersive sound production. Externally, the design of the façade was chosen to respond to the surrounding built environment and the heritage of the institution. A natural alloy of copper, aluminium and zinc is a direct reference to the site’s former use as a foundry and to the university’s inception in 1843, when a collaboration between educators, the city and industrialists founded the first School of Design to improve the skills of the people of Coventry. Svetlana Solomonova, Architect Director at BDP, added: “Coventry University is incredibly proud of its history and of its place in the city and we are so honoured to have been able to contribute to the rejuvenation of its connection with local people and local business. The new building raises the profile and the capability of the college and the university, creating some of the best learning and social environments in the UK.” Dr Shaun Hides, Academic Dean, Arts and Society, at Coventry University, said: “The college cherishes both its history of innovation and our reputation for educating students who achieve amazing things, with some of them going on to win prestigious awards (including Oscars) and secure careers with world-leading companies – but who all contribute to the communities around them. “This development and investment in our college takes what we can offer our students to a whole new level. Providing students and staff with such fantastic, creative learning spaces and state-of-theart facilities is a once in a generation opportunity to move things forwards in a big way.” The building is named after Delia Derbyshire, the Coventry-born composer who was best known for establishing the pioneering BBC's Radiophonic Workshop and the Doctor Who theme tune. www.bdp.com Coventry Uni wears its art on its sleeve BDP has connected, refurbished, and updated two brutalist buildings at Coventry University to create a modern home for the College of Arts and Society 26 highereducationestates design solutions
Images: Nick Caville highereducationestates 27 design solutions
CMS Danskin Acoustics has worked with acoustic consultants Atelier Crescendo to arrive at a floor buildup which has contributed to achieving acoustic performance significantly exceeding Approved Document E ‘Resistance to the passage of sound’ 2003 standards at new student accommodation for St Catharine’s College, Cambridge. The accommodation provides two new houses (comprising 23 bedrooms) and improved communal spaces for students to work and socialise at St Catharine’s satellite site on the west of the city centre. It was opened to students in October. The project was designed by Cottrell & Vermeulen Architecture, and the main contractor was Conamar Building Services. Designed with sustainability in mind, the student accommodation has mass timber frames (mostly Cross Laminated Timber), triple-glazed windows and airsource heat pumps. Internal base floors are cross laminated timber (CLT), which supports the sustainable ethos behind the design. CLT is increasingly used as it helps in locking away carbon by using it as a long-term construction base and it reduces the use of concrete in floors. However, because CLT is around one third of the mass of concrete, it presents challenges acoustically. Its sound reduction index is poorer and its damping properties from impacts are also lower than concrete, therefore it requires an acoustic strategy to limit impact and airborne sound travelling through. After taking into account the BREEAM® requirements, the criteria to be met for St Catharine’s was that the airborne noise reduction must be over 48dB DnTw and the impact noise must be measured as under 59dB LnTw. CMS Danskin Acoustics designed and supplied a floor/ceiling build-up using recycled materials to help improve the floor mass and enhance its impact absorbing properties. The strategy involved double REGUPOL impact isolation layers. Layers of 3mm REGUPOL sonus eco, 18mm Versapanel® from Euroform and 15mm REGUPOL sonus core were used to isolate impact sound, followed by a 32mm Smartspan, which is finished with a timber floorboard or plywood underlay with vinyl. CMS Danskin Acoustics also specified and supplied Kinetics IsoGrid hangers, a high performance hanger used for suspending ceilings where the maximum noise reduction performance is required. Site completion measurements undertaken by Atelier Crescendo indicated airborne noise 51-57 dB DnTw + Ctr, depending on location, and for impact it was 49-52dB LnTw, depending on location, so significantly surpassing Document E standards and significantly exceeding the more demanding project acoustic performance targets that had been set. Paul Absolon, CMS Danskin Acoustics’ technical director,commented: “Working with CLT does present acoustics challenges, but we devised a floor/ceiling specification to counter that, which has achieved acoustic performance that exceeds regulations.” Marc Fuzellier, director of Atelier Crescendo and Acouwood UK, added: “We are very happy about the outcomes of the project, especially in terms of airborne and impact sound insulation performances. We worked hard to develop the right wall and floor build-ups, detail how they had to be connected and minimise the sound flanking transmissions. This was particularly the case when CLT elements had to be exposed. In the end, high sound insulation performances have been achieved so that more BREEAM® credits could be obtained.” www.cmsdanskin.co.uk www:cv-arch.co.uk www.conamar.co.uk www.ateliercrescendo.ac/atelier-crescendoacoustic-consultancy Catz’students enjoy quiet time in new accommodation 28 highereducationestates acoustics
Cutting-edge lighting scheme for Leeds ZUMTOBEL and its sister brand Thorn, both lighting brands of the Zumtobel Group, worked with The University of Leeds Estates team, BAM, Arup, and Silcock Leedham to devise a cutting-edge lighting scheme, supported by cleverly integrated emergency lighting powered by its CPS Central Battery to ease maintenance. Named after Sir William Henry Bragg, a former professor at the University of Leeds, who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1915, the Sir William Henry Bragg Building will play a key role in the design of new materials research, nanotechnology, pharmaceutical manufacturing, low energy electronics, and robotics. The £96m new facility, which opened last year, is the largest single investment in the University of Leeds' history. It brings the Faculty of Engineering and Schools of Physics and Chemistry into a single building – creating a truly world-class collaborative research centre. Located on the northeast quarter of the campus, the 15,700 sqm Bragg Building is fully equipped to support cutting-edge science research now and into the future. This is thanks to an impressive range of research environments – from clean rooms and low vibration facilities to spaces that allow for studies into radiation, optics, low temperatures, and bio-nano chemistry. This investment will foster a culture of inter-disciplinary working in the development of novel materials to address 21st century challenges in many areas, including energy efficient computing, telecommunications, sustainable magnetic materials, sensors for use in biological systems and extreme or remote environments, pharmaceutical formulations, 'smart foods and medical technologies. BAM, the property development partner, appointed Silcock Leedham to organise the final design and worked with Zumtobel and its sister brand Thorn, both lighting brands of the Zumtobel Group to select the luminaires for the optimum lighting solution. The backbone of the lighting project was the emergency lighting, powered by Zumtobel's CPS Central battery system. Emergency lighting is more than just a legal requirement in a tertiary education setting. Providing reliable assistance in an emergency demonstrates a clear sense of responsibility – towards employees, students, property, and the environment. In everyday life, discreet design and creative integration guarantee lighting that is pleasing to the eye. Grant Cunningham, Key Account Manager at Zumtobel Group, explained: "We engaged early with the university estates' team and presented our controls and EMG best practices. We reviewed the systems currently in place on other parts of the campus and then put together a comprehensive package for controls and EMG central battery." The CPS central battery system adapts to suit both the project and the customer requirements - as and when necessary. The system communicates via DALI across the building, with minimum maintenance outlay, fail-safe data communication with no need for additional communication modules in the luminaires. Furthermore, the central monitoring helps the estate's team quickly identify faulty luminaires, ensuring continued safe lighting conditions for students and staff. The emergency lighting scheme consists of the award-winning PURESIGN exit signage, fusing clear functionality with an elegant design The complete lighting solution is controlled via the DALI protocol with LITENET Lighting Controls. Daylight dimming is implemented using Skyscanner, increasing efficiency and keeping energy costs to the minimum. The finished building is a stunning addition to the University's campus, complementing the historic architecture and the landscapes surrounding it, providing an outstanding student experience whilst also enhancing its research power and strengthening collaboration with industry. David Oldroyd, Interim Deputy Director of Development, University of Leeds said: “The Bragg Building required lighting for a very diverse range of spaces and to meet a variety of needs. As we work towards our campus being Net Zero by 2030, we also needed a low energy solution. Zumtobel were able to meet all of these criteria as well as providing great design.” www.z.lighting/en/zumtobel www.thornlighting.co.uk highereducationestates 29 lighting
Making kitchens safer. prefectcontrols.com WINNER SAFETY INNOVATION OF THE YEAR AWARD Designed specifically for student kitchens SCAN the QR code to find out more Prevent hobs from being left switched on. HobSensus ‘watches’ over hobs, and cuts the power when temperatures approach dangerous levels. This cost effective, easy to fit device makes student accommodation safer by switching the hob off if the person preparing food is distracted, falls asleep, or leaves the kitchen.
Water management and hydro innovation Richard Braid, Managing Director of Cistermiser and Keraflo, explains how advanced water management technologies are revolutionising sustainability, hygiene and operational efficiency in educational settings IN the quest to address critical challenges such as excessive water use, hygiene and the burdens of outdated systems, educational institutions need to transform their approach to water management. Installing water management technologies can transform a building, significantly reducing water waste and operational costs while improving the overall user experience – setting the stage for a more hygienic and sustainable educational environment. Hygiene in school and university washrooms is paramount, and installing Direct Flush systems can be transformative. The simple act of flushing, is often overlooked, yet plays a significant role in maintaining the overall ambiance and hygiene of washroom facilities in educational environments. Direct Flush systems are engineered to deliver efficient and effective flushing while conserving water, addressing the common problems of unflushed toilets and poor sanitary conditions without excessive water use. These innovative systems use increased dynamic pressure to provide a comprehensive single flush, unlike traditional tank fed toilets which often require multiple flushes, leading to water wastage and some will perform automatic hygiene flushes to maintain cleanliness and prevent the build-up of bacteria. To directly address the problem of users not flushing, there are systems that operate without any user input. Cistermiser's Easyflush Direct, for instance, offers 'wave' and 'walkaway' modes. In 'wave' mode, users can initiate flushing by simply waving their hand in front of a sensor. 'Walkaway' mode however, automatically triggers flushing when a user leaves the cubicle. This system utilises a dual flush mechanism, providing a partial flush if the user departs within 45 seconds and a full flush if the stay is longer. Historically, universities have opted to install cold water storage tanks configured with a division or as two separate tanks. The rationale for this is to facilitate maintenance allowing for periodic cleaning and chlorination while ensuring an uninterrupted water supply. However, this method can lead to issues such as tank imbalance and stagnation; if one float valve responds more efficiently to water demand, it may cause backfill into the less active side. Such conditions can foster the formation of biofilm, creating a prime habitat for waterborne bacteria to thrive. Intelligent tank management systems offer an effective solution here. These systems can comprehensively manage and control the filling process, while also monitoring and reporting on water levels and temperatures. They can provide accurate alerts to building managers if water levels become abnormally high or low. Additional features like holiday modes allow these systems to adjust the water usage based on reduced occupancy during specific periods, efficiently matching tank capacity to demand. Keraflo's Tanktronic is an advanced electronic tank management system that integrates seamlessly with building management systems to notify the management team of any changes in stored water. It features sensors in each tank compartment that continuously monitor and display water levels, volume and temperature and can control water influx into both sides of a tank. Installing motion-detecting sensors in washrooms is another driver to improved hygiene and reduced water wastage. Infrared sensors activate water flow to fixtures like taps, toilets and urinals only when presence is detected. When the washroom is unoccupied, as indicated by the absence of movement, the sensors automatically shut off the water supply, ensuring that water is used efficiently and there is minimal chance of leaks or floods. Embracing cutting edge technologies can revolutionise water management in educational settings. By integrating smart solutions, universities are not just conserving resources, they're creating healthier, more sustainable learning environments that lead the way in environmental stewardship. www.cistermiser.co.uk highereducationestates 31 water management
Sustainable removals for higher education estates Rachel Houghton discusses how to manage removals and regularly occurring waste at education sites in a more sustainable manner, with a case study of BMG’s partnership with Newcastle College IT is a regular occurrence at education sites that you find a store cupboard that is filled with old assets no longer in use. This can range from old paperwork, equipment, furniture, learning tools, the list goes on. It can be very easy to place these items in temporary storage for a later date, only to forget they are there until the cupboard is full of items you don’t recognise. Clearing out your unused and unwanted assets can be a difficult task, and doing so in an environmentally safe way can present even more complications. As asset management specialists, we know how to help make this process smoother and more simple. Business Moves Group is committed to sustainability; it is at the forefront of everything we do. As a leading provider of reuse, recycling and resource recovery solutions, our aim with every project is to avoid landfill as much as possible, if not completely. Earlier this year, we worked in partnership with Newcastle College, the state-of-theart education facility in Newcastle city centre offering education courses. BMG worked closely with the college to create the most sustainable and commercially viable solution for the clearance of redundant furniture and equipment within the old Van Hee building. The team used various solutions to clear every single item from the building, saving Newcastle College an incredible 70% of the forecasted costs to dispose of the items. Here are some of the methods we deployed that other education sites can consider when clearing their estates. Online auction: After completing a full audit review of the unwanted assets, you can start to decipher which pieces are still in good condition and can therefore be rehomed. This can be done in two ways, the first of which is through reselling. Online auctions are a great method and help get the best deals on your assets. One of the reasons BMG was able to offer Newcastle College a high level of guaranteed rebate was because of the strong relationship we have with our auction service providers. A detailed marketing campaign was put together for all the redundant assets including catering equipment, gym equipment, fridges and display units, laboratory items, and canteen furniture. The result was extremely successful, with BMG selling 210 items on behalf of the college. The auction meant the items were given a new lease of life, benefitting the smaller, local businesses that bought them and reducing the carbon footprint of the college. The result of avoiding recycling these items saved Newcastle College approximately £10,500 in recycling charges. Charity donations: The second option for the redistribution of unwanted items is through donations to charity partners. Following the success of the auction, the remaining items from the college were advertised to charities and social enterprises. Ninety items were donated to various charity partners, keeping costs low and carbon emissions to a minimum, while also contributing to the college's social value commitments. Recycling: The final approach is to recycle and dispose of the leftover items that could not be distributed to charities. All the remaining pieces of furniture and equipment from the college were transported to BMG’s recycling partner to be broken down into their component form and then categorised into recycling or energy recovery options. This resulted in 98% of the remaining items being diverted from landfill. All these disposal options are accessible for education estate teams and should be utilised as the new standard. www.businessmoves.com 32 highereducationestates sustainability
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